为建立稳定的红楠ISSR-PCR最佳反应体系,在探索红楠基因组DNA提取的基础上,利用单因子试验和正交试验设计对反应体系进行优化。首先采用单因子试验对Mg2+、引物、模板DNA、dNTPs的不同浓度水平进行优化,找出ISSR-PCR反应各因素的最佳浓度;同时为进一步增加结果的可靠性,采用正交试验设计方法 对Mg2+、引物、模板DNA、dNTPs 4个因素3个浓度水平进行优化和筛选。综合两种试验方法结果,最终获得了红楠ISSR-PCR最佳反应体系:反应体系为20 μL,Taq酶0.05 U·μL-1,Mg2+ 2.0 mmol·L-1,模板DNA 1 ng·L-1,dNTPs 0.3 mmol·L-1,引物(835) 0.5 μmol·L-1,1×PCR缓冲液。建立重复性好、稳定性优良的ISSR-PCR反应体系,为下一步红楠群体遗传结构和遗传变异研究提供了技术支持。

The Castanopsis sclerophylla seed length, seed diameter, seed length× seed diameter, seed length/seed diameter and hundred grain weight from nine areas were studied. The results showed that extremely significant difference were found in seed characters of C. sclerophylla from different areas. The most coefficient of variation is hundred grain weight and the least is seed length/seed diameter. Correlation analysis showed that the seed length and seed diameter had the significant positive correlation with hundred grain weight; seed became bigger and heavier as latitude became lower, the annual average temperature and frost free period become longer; the hundred grain weight had significant positive correlation with rainfall, seed length/seed diameter had significant negative correlation with the rainfall, And clustering analysis showed that phenotypic variation was basicaly continuous variation with the geography, which was consistent with the result of relevant analysis.

对我国无患子分布区7个产地的种实形态性状及种仁含油率进行取样测定。方差分析结果表明,种实各性状在产地内单株间的变异程度不同,但多数性状在多数产地内均存在丰富的变异,在产地内进行单株选择是可行的。在不同产地间,无患子种实各性状均存在显著差异,河南西峡产地果实和种子较大,与其它产地间差异显著。无患子种仁含油率产地间变异系数最小,与地理气候因子间不存在明显的相关性,而种子质量、种子出仁率在不同产地间变异系数相对较大,且与种实大小显著正相关,可以通过选择较大的果实、种子来提高产油量。聚类及相关性分析表明,在一定程度上,无患子种实大小和种子出仁率有从低纬度产地向高纬度产地变大的变异趋势,因此无患子高产油单株的选择应重点在较高纬度产地果实、种子较大的个体中进行。

对毛红椿天然林群落结构和物种多样性进行调查分析,旨在为保护毛红椿天然林和推广人工造林提供理论依据。研究结果表明:毛红椿天然林群落的物种多样性丰富,与毛红椿混生的植物种类有56科85属122种,而且层次性较强,分为乔木层、灌木层、藤本层和草本层4层。4个毛红椿天然林群落乔木层中,江西九连山群落Simpson多样性指数最高,浙江龙泉昌岗毛红椿群落为最低;浙江龙泉昌岗群落的均匀度指数最高,浙江九龙山群落为最低。浙江龙泉昌岗、江西九连山和江西官山群落中毛红椿重要值为最大,浙江九龙山群落中拟赤杨的重要值为最大,毛红椿列第二。针对毛红椿天然林群落现状,为加强对其保护,应积极开展毛红椿遗传资源收集、保存和培育。